Figure 5

COVID-19 immunologic and toxicological implication: Innate immune sensor and immune escape

Luisetto M*, Farhan Ahmad Khan, Khaled Edbey, Gamal Abdul Hamid, Mashori GR, Nili BA, Fiazza C, YesvI R and Latishev Yu O

Published: 25 March, 2021 | Volume 5 - Issue 1 | Pages: 001-017

apps-aid1025-g015

Figure 5:

Reported inducers of CRS. CRS can be induced by direct target cell- lysis with consecutive release of cytokines like interferon -gamma (IFN-γ) or tumor necrosis- factor alpha (TNF-α) or by activation of T cells due to therapeutic stimuli with subsequent cytokine release. These cytokines trigger a chain reaction due to the activation of innate- immune cells like macrophages and endothelial- cells with further cytokine release. : Ang-2: Angiopoetin 2; CAR: chimeric antigen receptor; DC: dendritic cell; IFN-γ: interferon- gamma; MHC-I: major histocompatibility complex I;NK cell: natural killer cell; PD-(L)1: programmed cell death protein (ligand) 1; TCR: T cell receptor.; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor alpha; vWF: von Willebrand factor FROM 2018 Cytokine release syndrome.

Read Full Article HTML DOI: 10.29328/journal.apps.1001025 Cite this Article Read Full Article PDF

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